Agriculture & Food

Cereal seeds

1. Japan reported that Erwinia persicina infects barley

According to an article in the Journal of General Plant Pathology on January 2, 2021, Japan reported that barley is the new host of Erwinia persicina. Since 2015, a new disease has appeared in Japanese barley: barley pink seed disease, that is, barley seeds appear pink, causing a decline in yield. After separation and culture, the pathogen was identified as Erwinia peach E. persicina.

Focus

It is recommended to keep an eye on the pathogen.

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https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10327-020-00974-8

2. The first report in South Korea that Colletotrichum sublineola caused sorghum anthracnose

"Plant Diseases" published an online article on January 26, 2021, Korea reported for the first time that sorghum anthracnose bacterium Colletotrichum sublineola caused sorghum anthracnose. Researchers observed sorghum anthracnose symptoms in the fields of Yecheon County and Yeongwol County in South Korea. The symptoms of sorghum anthracnose were yellow-brown brown-red irregular spots on the sorghum leaves. About 20% of the sorghum in each plot was infected. The pathogen was isolated and cultured. After morphological observation, gene sequence analysis and pathogenicity determination, the pathogen was identified as sorghum anthracnose C. sublineola. According to literature reports, C. graminicola is the only pathogenic bacterium known to cause sorghum anthracnose in South Korea. Therefore, this is the first report in South Korea that sorghum anthracnose C. sublineola causes sorghum anthracnose.

Focus

my country has repeatedly detected sorghum anthracnose from imported sorghum seeds from the United States, and the occurrence has been recorded in China. It is recommended that relevant companies pay attention to the occurrence of this disease.

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https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PDIS-03-20-0637-PDN

Fruit and vegetable seeds

3. New Zealand liberalizes imports of Israeli tomato and pepper seeds

New Zealand submitted SPS notification G/SPS/N/NZL/642/Add.1 to the World Trade Organization (WTO) on February 18, 2021, which will liberalize the import of Israeli tomatoes and pepper seeds. On December 17, 2020, the New Zealand Ministry of Primary Industries (MPI) suspended the import of tomato and pepper seeds from Israel due to the detection of a regulated pest, Tomato brown rugose fruit virus. In view of the fact that the National Plant Protection Organization of Israel has conducted investigations and has taken measures to ensure that tomatoes and pepper seeds imported from Israel will not carry the tomato brown wrinkle virus, MPI has cancelled these restrictions and resumed trade.

Focus

Remind relevant export companies to pay attention to the quarantine of seeds exported to New Zealand to avoid trade obstruction.

message channel

http://spsims.wto.org/en/ModificationNotifications/View/170462?FromAllNotifications=True

4. Japan issued emergency measures on tomato brown wrinkle virus

On February 4, 2021, Japan notified the WTO of the draft directive (G/SPS/N/JPN/828) and issued emergency measures on Tomato brown rugose fruit virus. In order to prevent the tomato brown wrinkle fruit virus from being introduced to Japan, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) of Japan requires the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) of the exporting country to certify when exporting tomato and sweet pepper products to Japan:

1. For seeds: during harvest, use appropriate testing methods (such as RT-PCR) to test randomly selected parent plants and plants with suspected symptoms to ensure that they do not contain tomato brown wrinkle virus; or pass appropriate tests before exporting. Testing methods (such as RT-PCR) test the seeds to ensure that they do not contain tomato brown wrinkle virus.

2. For live plants and plant parts (not including seeds and fruits): during the growing season or before export, test randomly selected plants and plants with suspected symptoms through appropriate testing methods (such as RT-PCR) to ensure that they are not Contains tomato brown wrinkle fruit virus.

In addition, the National Plant Protection Organization must make the following statement in the additional declaration column of the Phytosanitary Certificate: "In compliance with the Plant Protection Act Implementation Regulations (MAFF Decree No. 73/1950) Schedule 2-2 Item 36".

Focus

It is recommended that companies pay attention to avoid unnecessary economic losses.

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http://spsims.wto.org/en/EmergencyNotifications/View/170043?FromAllNotifications=True

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5. Eurasian Economic Union revises general phytosanitary requirements

Kyrgyzstan, a member of the Eurasian Economic Union, notified the WTO of the draft amendments to the general phytosanitary requirements for quarantine products and quarantine at the customs borders and in the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union. The draft revised the existing regulations as follows:

——Allowing quarantine products to flow between the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union with hand luggage and passenger luggage without a phytosanitary certificate;

-Allow fruits and berries infected with quarantine waxworms, scale insects, bacteria, viruses, viroids, nematodes and phytoplasma to be imported into the Eurasian Economic Union and circulated within its territory;

-Amendments regarding carrot seeds, potato seed potatoes, mini-plants and small tubers, seeds for beet sowing, seedlings, rootstocks and cuttings of cherries, peaches, sweet cherries and olives, seedlings of fuchsia, carnations, pumpkin crops, and onions And asparagus rhizome requirements;

——Clarify requirements for seeds and planting materials of various agricultural and forestry crops;

——Clarify the requirements for fresh vegetables, fruits and berries;

-Amendment of the special phytosanitary requirements for the production of peat in areas without maggot flies (Megaselia scalaris);

——Include the mushroom bag in the list of high-risk plant quarantine products.

Focus

Relevant companies are requested to pay attention to the quarantine of related products to avoid unnecessary losses.

message channel

http://spsims.wto.org/en/RegularNotifications/View/170407?FromAllNotifications=True

http://spsims.wto.org/en/RegularNotifications/View/170408?FromAllNotifications=True

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6. The U.S. Department of Agriculture clarifies the regulations for buying and selling plants and seeds online from other countries

According to a report on the website of the United States Department of Agriculture on February 18, 2021, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Inspection Service (APHIS) provides legal guidance to help buyers and sellers who purchase seeds and live plants for planting purposes online from other countries Follow relevant laws. The guide clarifies the responsibilities of buyers and sellers and outlines the required documents such as import permits and phytosanitary certificates. Provide information on plants and seeds that have additional import requirements, and clearly indicate the types of plants and seeds that are prohibited from being imported into the United States.

Plants and seeds purchased online from other countries for planting may pose a major risk to the agriculture and natural resources of the United States because they may carry pests. APHIS has been working with e-commerce companies to remove online sellers involved in illegally importing propagating materials, including seeds, and to ensure that sellers using its platform comply with the import regulations of the US Department of Agriculture.

Focus

Relevant enterprises are requested to pay attention to the new trade methods and promptly complete the quarantine and certificate application work for related products exported to the United States.

message channel

https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/newsroom/news/sa_by_date/sa-2021/buying-seeds-plants-online

7. Australia released the final version of the tomato seed pest risk analysis report and risk management measures

On February 25, 2021, Australia notified the WTO of the directive (G/SPS/N/AUS/455) to release the Pepino mosaic virus Pepino mosaic virus related to Solanum lycopersicum seeds and pospiviroid of the potato spindle tuber virus The final version of the virus risk analysis report. The following five quarantine pests have been identified: Pepino mosaic virus, Columnea latent viroid, Pepper chat fruit viroid, Tomato apical stunt viroid and Tomato Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid.

Risk management measures In addition to the general import conditions for seeds, it is recommended to adopt a variety of risk management measures for tomato seeds, including detection or treatment of each pest:

1. PCR detection: applicable to the above 5 quarantine pests;

2. ELISA test: only applicable to Pepino mosaic virus;

3. Heat treatment: only applicable to Pepino mosaic virus. If the required processing or testing is carried out before export, it should be marked in the additional statement of the phytosanitary certificate that the testing or processing has been carried out in accordance with Australian requirements.

Focus

It is recommended that relevant enterprises strengthen the field management and virus detection of breeding bases, and carry out pre-export detection or treatment in accordance with relevant requirements.

message channel

http://spsims.wto.org/en/ModificationNotifications/View/170603?FromAllNotifications=True

8. EPPO puts Euphorbia davidii on the warning list

EPPO included Euphorbia davidii, a harmful weed of the genus Euphorbia, on its early warning list. E. davidii is a similar species of Euphorbia dentata. It is a harmful weed that has existed in the EPPO area for many years. It often occurs along railways and can also invade farmland. Recently, the first occurrence of this species has been reported in central Russia.

E.davidii may spread in European countries through seeds and spread in farmland. Observations from Serbia indicate that the wanton growth of this weed will have a negative impact on the growth of corn plants and can trigger the premature maturity of sunflower heads. The current control measures are chemical control, but the effect is limited.

Focus

E.davidii is currently mainly distributed in the Americas, Europe and Australia, but not in China. As the plants that it may affect include soybeans, corn and other products, it is recommended that relevant companies pay attention to the continued reports of this weed.

message channel

https://www.eppo.int/ACTIVITIES/plant_quarantine/alert_list_plants/euphorbia_davidii