Apparel / Textiles & Accessories

At 7:18 on May 15, 2021, the Tianwen-1 Mars Rover successfully landed in the pre-selected landing area in the southern part of the Mars Utopia Plain after it orbited the ring fire for more than three months. my country's first Mars exploration mission successfully landed on Mars. .

During the entire landing process, every action must be interlocked and completed accurately, without the slightest error.

To land safely and steadily on the surface of Mars, the first problem is to slow down the high-speed Tianwen-1. "The supersonic parachute is the most difficult part of the deceleration technology. When using the parachute, Tianwen No.1 must be opened at supersonic speed, low density, and low dynamic pressure. This process has difficulty in opening the parachute and unstable parachute opening. Question." Wang Chuang, the overall chief designer of the Tianwen No. 1 probe, the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, introduced. Tianwen opened the parachute to decelerate the parachute system. When the speed dropped to 100 m/s, Tianwen only used the reverse thrust engine to decelerate.

Qingdao Hailiya Group Co., Ltd. provided the landing parachute rope connection technology for "Tianwen No. 1", developed and provided special elastic ropes for the impact test of the lander. The parachute rope connection technology solves the problem that the probe's parachute is easily detached when it is opened by a huge impact force through the "self-locking" method, and the elastic rope completes the impact resistance test for the lander. Both of these tasks contribute to the core link of the probe's safe landing after entering the Martian atmosphere.

"During the landing process, the moment the parachute opens and the moment the probe lands, the impact force on the parachute rope is very large. Once the traditional rope insertion method cannot withstand the impact force, it will break and the probe will not be able to withstand the impact. Complete the follow-up tasks." said Xu Lianlong, deputy chief engineer of Qingdao Hailiya Group Co., Ltd. "Seeing the successful landing of the'Tianwen 1'Mars probe, I am very excited. This is also the result we expected." Early in the morning on May 15th, Xu Lianlong, deputy director of the Hai Liya Technology Center, said excitedly.

According to reports, the lander enters the Martian atmosphere at a speed of approximately 21,000 kilometers, and ultra-high-speed friction will generate high temperatures of thousands of degrees Celsius, which places extremely high requirements on the parachute rope.

Qingdao Hai Liya was founded in 1922. It started from the production of female ropes. Now it has developed into a national high-tech enterprise mainly engaged in the development and production of special ropes and emergency self-rescue products. The development of special ropes for major national scientific research projects such as No. 1, “Science”, “Snow Dragon”, manned submersible “Jiaolong”, and large spacecraft return cabin.

In the process of "falling fire", the Tianwen-1 probe has to cut into the Martian atmosphere at a suitable angle. If the angle is too small, it cannot enter the atmosphere, and if the angle is too large, it will burn out due to overheating by the atmosphere. During the reentry, descent, and landing process, the probe needs to reduce its speed from about 20,000 kilometers per hour to zero in about 7 minutes to achieve a soft landing.

"Heaven Questions" originated from the long poem "Heaven Questions" by the Chinese poet Qu Yuan. It expresses the Chinese nation's tenacity and perseverance in pursuing truth, embodies the cultural heritage of exploring nature and the universe, and implies a long journey to scientific truth and the pursuit of technology. Innovation never ends.

The starry sky is immense and exploration is endless. As the crystallization of modern science and technology, aerospace technology places higher demands on various scientific fields and plays an important role in promoting the continuous progress of these sciences and technologies. In these scientific fields, textile technology provides new and high-quality functional aerospace materials for aerospace. The current textile materials used in aerospace can be divided into body construction materials, cabin decoration materials, personal protective materials, etc. according to their uses.

Body construction materials

The textile material used on rockets, missiles, satellites, and spacecraft is a fiber-reinforced composite material based on textiles.

Among them are mainly carbon fiber composite materials, which are characterized by high specific strength, high specific modulus, high temperature resistance, ablation resistance, impact resistance and good chemical stability under high temperature environments, such as the specific modulus of carbon fiber composite materials The ratio is five times higher than that of steel and aluminum alloy, and the strength is three times higher. Therefore, it is widely used in the aerospace field as artificial satellite supports, satellite antennas, space shuttle wings, solid rocket motor nozzles, and final stage boosters for strategic missiles. Nose cones of aircraft, manned aircraft and rocket missiles, robot shells, etc.

As the structural material and thermal protection material of spacecraft components, carbon fiber composite materials can not only meet the harsh environmental requirements, but also greatly reduce the quality of the components and improve the effective load, range and range. The weight of the spacecraft can be reduced by 1 kilogram, and the launch vehicle can be reduced by 500 kilograms. Another example is the use of CC composite material as a missile nose cone, in addition to reducing the mass, its ablation rate is low, and ablation is uniform, thus significantly improving the missile's actual defense capability and hit rate.

Interior decoration materials

The textile materials used in the spacecraft's return cabin and orbital cabin are mainly various flame-resistant and anti-static textiles.

Personal protective materials

Various protective equipment for astronauts and ground crews, such as space suits, are divided into two types: in-vehicle space suits and out-of-vehicle space suits. In-vehicle space suits are space suits worn by astronauts in spacecraft (spacecraft, space stations, and space shuttles). They only require protection against low pressure, hypoxia, high temperature and low temperature, and have a relatively simple structure and low requirements for materials. Extravehicular space suits are space suits worn by astronauts out of the cabin and activities in the space environment. It must provide protection from pressure, heat, microfluidic fluid, oxygen, cooling water, drinking water, carbon dioxide collection, electricity, and communications. , The structure is complex and the requirements are extremely high. It is the most demanding and expensive clothing so far. Its protective function is equivalent to that of a spacecraft. It must protect astronauts from heat, cold, chemicals, microfluidics, pressure fluctuations and other hazards to ensure aerospace The safety of personnel.

The spacesuit is a combination suit with complex structure. The characteristics of each layer of the garment body are:

1. Underwear is required to be soft, comfortable, elastic, moisture-absorbing, breathable, non-sticky, medical monitoring that does not affect physiological indicators, and does not affect activities. Use pure cotton or cotton and linen textiles.

2. There are three types of requirements for the ventilation layer

①Protect 65%~75% of the human body, have fresh air circulation, and can take away the heat and moisture emitted by the human body;

②The structure of the ventilation layer is soft and flexible;

③The resistance of the ventilation pipe should be small, it is made of polyvinyl chloride and cotton.

3. The thermal insulation layer requires that the material has good thermal insulation, softness, light weight, flame-retardant, elastic, non-absorbent, and is generally made of special-finished wool products or synthetic fibers.

4. Airtight restriction layer

① Keep a certain air pressure around the astronaut's body;

②Ensure the free movement of the human body;

③It has a certain shape and volume under pressure, which can be consistent with the sitting posture and seat shape;

④It has high air tightness, and the air leakage is less than 250 ml/min;

⑤Easy to put on and take off, the airtight layer is made of nylon base cloth coated with polyurethane or neoprene, and the restricting layer is made of polyamide fiber, polytetrachloroethylene fiber or aramid fiber.

5. Water-cooled clothing

Use water as the medium to flow along the surface of the human body through a special pipe to take away the body heat to achieve the purpose of cooling. The water flowing out of the water-cooled suit is cooled by the life support system and then enters the water-cooled suit for recycling to ensure thermal balance and make the body feel Comfortable, its structure is to fix ethylene acetate water supply pipes with an inner diameter of 1.5-3 mm and a wall thickness of 0.5-1 mm on a nylon fabric. It needs 20-80 pipes and the total length of the pipe is 80-120 meters. Arranged along the surface of the body and limbs, usually water-cooled clothing and ventilation clothing are used in combination to achieve the best effects of oxygen supply, drainage, ventilation and heat dissipation.

Astronauts wearing water-cooled suits enter the low pressure cabin for training

6. Insulation layer

It is limited to the use of extravehicular space suits. Its function is to prevent overcooling or overheating. It is composed of five layers of materials, each layer of material is aluminum-coated polyester or polyimide thin fabric reinforced film. It can withstand the outside temperature of -118℃→+113℃, while maintaining 10-43℃ in the spacesuit.

7. The anti-micro-flow body/tearing layer is the outermost layer of the spacesuit. The requirements are:

① High temperature and low temperature resistance, with certain flame retardancy;

② Radiation resistance;

③Ozone resistant;

④ Speed pressure resistance;

⑤ Resistant to vacuum and the influence of unfavorable factors in space (such as particle flow, lightning, etc.);

⑥The surface of the fabric should be smooth, flat and low resistance;

⑦Light weight and low elongation. The main material is synthetic fiber fabric, such as aramid fiber fabric or polytetrafluoroethylene fiber fabric.